Individuals with Down syndrome are described as being

Individuals with Down syndrome are characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome, specifically an additional copy of chromosome 21, which leads to the condition known as trisomy 21. This genetic anomaly results in a range of physical and cognitive features that define Down syndrome.

The presence of this extra chromosome is the primary biological marker for Down syndrome and is responsible for the developmental delays and various health issues associated with the condition. It directly impacts the individual’s cognitive abilities and can also affect their physical health, leading to a higher incidence of certain medical conditions.

Recognizing Down syndrome in the context of genetics not only provides clarity on its origins but also helps in understanding the unique needs and strengths of individuals with the condition. Individuals with Down syndrome may have varying degrees of intellectual disability but often benefit from early intervention and supportive educational environments that help them thrive.