Which theory suggests that emotions are derived from physiological responses to stimuli?

The James-Lange theory posits that emotions result from our interpretations of physiological responses to stimuli. According to this theory, when an individual encounters a stimulus, their body responds physiologically, such as by increasing heart rate, sweating, or experiencing muscle tension. These physiological changes are then perceived and interpreted by the individual, leading to the experience of emotion. For example, if you encounter a bear, your body may tremble and your heart may race, and you would interpret these physical responses as fear.

This model emphasizes the sequence: first, the physiological response occurs, and then the emotional experience follows as a reflection of those physical changes. Thus, it suggests a direct connection between bodily reactions and emotional experiences, creating a foundation for understanding the relationship between physical states and feelings.